Ratio Legis Differences in Abortion Provisions in Law Number 36 of 2009 Concerning Health and the Criminal Code
Abstract
This research seeks to identify, describe, and analyze why the health law regulates abortion for rape victims while under the Criminal Code abortion is illegal and regarded a crime, as well as the abortion provisions for rape victims that should be regulated in the Health Law. In this paper, normative legal research was conducted. This research focuses on the Legis Ratio of Differences in Abortion Provisions in Law No. 36 of 2009 Concerning Health and the Criminal Code. The method utilized is the statutory approach. The findings revealed that the prohibition against abortion, which is a Dutch heritage, is prohibited in the Criminal Code because abortion is regarded antithetical to natural law and cannot be ethically justified in Greek and Roman law. The Health Law is permitted under the condition that there is an indication of a medical emergency and because the pregnancy is caused by rape, taking into account the good name of a woman or her family, if the pregnancy is caused by rape and can cause psychological trauma to the rape victim, including for the victim's unborn child. Nevertheless, the provisions in the health law do not provide legal certainty that the time limit for performing abortions on rape victims is six weeks/forty days from the first day of menstruation; this time is deemed insufficient to provide protection for victims due to the limited time required to obtain consent to allow abortions or not.
References
Alimun, H. (2010). Penɡantar Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia: Aplikasi Kоnsep dan Kоnsep Keperawatan. Јakarta: Salemba Medika.
An Nakhrawie, srifin. (2007). Adzab Kubur Antara Ada dan Tiada. Surabaya: Ikhtiar.
Askandar, N. C. (2012). ‘Hak Untuk Hidup’dalam Kajian Islam dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal An-Natiq, Universitas Islam Malang, 54.
Asshiddiqie, J. (2014). Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Tata Negara, Ed.1, Cet. 6. (1st ed.). Rajawali Pers.
Fat. (2009). DPR Sahkan RUU Kesehatan. HukumOnline.Com. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/dpr-sahkan-ruu-kesehatan-hol23142/?page=1.
Fatmawati, F. (2016). Aborsi dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam (Meluruskan Problema Perempuan di Mata Publik). AL-MAIYYAH: Media Transformasi Gender Dalam Paradigma Sosial Keagamaan, 9(1), 151–163.
Hasanah, U. (2009). Human Rights in The Perspective of Islamic Law. Indonesian J. Int’l L., 7, 716.
Hawari, D. (2006). Aborsi Dimensi Psikoreligi. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
Hui, Y. B. (2007). Diary of" a mass of stones": Borobudur in people’s experiences.
Hutabarat, D. T. H., Fransisca, Z., Ritonga, F., Pardede, D. J., Almas, S., Sikumbang, N. A., Mutiara, Khoiriyah, A., Hamizah, S., Malahayati, & Suryadi. (2022). Understanding And Describing Relationship Of State Law And Human Right. Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Business (JHSSB), 1(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55047/jhssb.v1i1.63.
Jauhari, T. (1922). al-Jawahir fi Tafsir al-Qur’an. Tehran: Intisharat Aftab, Nd, 25, 55.
Koeswadji, H. H. (1976). Law and development: The legal status of women in Indonesia, their role and challenge in creating a new national law. Malaya L. Rev., 18, 339.
Manan, B. (2004). Hukum Positif Indonesia. Yogyakarta. FH UII Press.
Mazrieva, E. (2018). Vonis Korban Perkosaan yang Gugurkan Kandungan di Jambi, Dikritik Tajam. VOA Indonesia. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/vonis-korban-perkosaan-yang-gugurkan-kandungan-di-jambi-dikritik-tajam/4493385.html.
Mertokusumo, S. (2012). Teori hukum. Yogyakarta: Cahaya Atma Pustaka.
Prasetyo, T. (2011). Hukum Pidana, Edisi revisi. Rajawali Pers PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Radbruch, G. (2006). Five minutes of legal philosophy (1945). Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 26(1), 13–15.
Rahardjo, S. (2009). Penegakan Hukum: Suatu Tinjauan Sosiologis.
Soekanto, S. (2007). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum.
Soge, P. (2002). Aborsi Dari Perspektif Sejarah Hukum. Keadilan Dan Perdamaian, 22(2), 1–14.
Sudiknо, M. (2007). Menɡenal Hukum Suatu Penɡntar. Yоɡyakarta: Liberty.
Suhayati, M., & Saputra, N. P. (2020). Permasalahan Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Aborsi. Puskit BKD: Jakarta.
Sunarsо, S. (2012). Viktimоlоɡi Dalam System Peradilan Pidana. Јakarta Timur:Sinar Ɡrafika.
Supriadi, W. C. (2003). Hukum kesehatan dan pelayanan kesehatan. Diskusi Panel Penyusunan Kurikulum Program Master Hukum dan Kesehatan ….
Suryono, E. (2001). Abortus provocatus bagi korban perkosaan : perspektif viktimologi kriminologi dan hukum pidana. Yogyakarta : Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta.
Susanti, Y. (2012). Perlindungan hukum bagi pelaku tindak pidana aborsi (Abortus provocatus) korban perkosaan. Syiar Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 14(2), 79–93.
Syahrizal, M. (2013). Hak Asasi Manusia: Keadidayaan Kejahatan Kemanusiaan. Jakarta: Presssindo Akademika.
Tunggaldewi, D. A., & Suprapto, S. H. (2021). Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan. Jawa Pos, Radar Semarang.
Wahid, A., Irfan, M., & Hasan, M. T. (2001). Perlindungan terhadap korban kekerasan seksual: advokasi atas hak asasi perempuan. Refika Aditama.
Wahyu, S. (2007). Ketentuan-ketentuan pokok hukum perlindungan konsumen. Universitas Lampung.
Wantu, F. (2012). Mewujudkan Kepastian Hukum, Keadilan dan Kemanfaatan dalam Putusan Hakim di Peradilan Perdata. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 12(3), 479–489.
Wicks, E. (2012). The Meaning of ‘Life’: Dignity and the Right to Life in International Human Rights Treaties. Human Rights Law Review, 12(2), 199–219.
Yulia, R. (2016). Mengkaji kembali posisi korban kejahatan dalam sistem peradilan pidana. Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 28(1), 33–45.
Zh, M. (2013). Kehamilan, persalinan, dan nifas.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
