International Journal of Social Science Research and Review

Legal Protection for Debtors with Non-Performance Debtors Due to Cessie Practices in Banking Agreements

Juliman Juliman — 2025-03-10

The debtor defaulted while the creditor desired that the receivables owned be received immediately, aka no longer having to collect from the debtor, who is most likely unable to pay off the credit. This Cessie action is considered legal and can be carried out in Indonesia. However, no single rule regulates its implementation so that it is not carried out arbitrarily. Because the implementation of Cessie in practice is sometimes very detrimental to the debtor, especially debtors whose remaining debt is not much or has little remaining, it is necessary to know the legal regulations related to the transfer of receivables (cession) in resolving bad debts in Indonesia, and what form of legal protection for debtors who are harmed by the implementation of cession according to positive law. This study uses a normative research method with an analytical descriptive analysis method. The regulation of cession is generally regulated in the civil code, precisely in book three concerning obligations and in several special laws such as the Mortgage Law and the Fiduciary Law, and Bank Indonesia regulations in general, cession is permitted as long as the parties agree on it by making a new agreement. Meanwhile, the legal protection for the harmed debtor is a cession agreement that the debtor is not informed of. It can be categorized as an invalid agreement because the object still belongs to the debtor, so it can be canceled or null and void by law.

Play in Healthcare: Gift or Strategy?

Julia Mary Whitaker — 2025-03-10

The evidence for play as a key component of child development is well established and play scholarship has had reverberations in all aspects of children's lives. This paper asks whether increased awareness and acknowledgement of play's multiple benefits for children's learning, health, and overall development have led to its instrumentalization as a strategy for change, and in so doing appropriated a unique gift of childhood. It examines whether gift theory can enhance our understanding of the play expereience, specifically in relation to play in the healthcare settings. Draeing on their experience as Health Play Specialists in the UK and in Japan, the authors propose that when the provision of play in hospitals and other healthcare settings can be framed as a gift exchange, the integrity of the play experience is preserved, but that this is conditional on the giver's consciousness and the quality of the relationship between the player and the provider of the play.

An Exploratory Study on the Challenges of AI Technology in Education and its Practical Recommendations

Idha Novianti — 2025-03-10

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in education, offering opportunities to personalize learning, enhance student engagement, and optimize administrative tasks. AI enables tailored learning experiences by adapting to individual student needs and providing educators with data-driven insights to monitor progress. Additionally, AI reduces educators’ workload through automated grading and feedback, allowing them to focus more on fostering meaningful interactions with students. Despite its potential, the implementation of AI in education faces significant challenges. Key issues include unequal access to technology, low levels of digital literacy among teachers and students, concerns over data privacy and security, and the high cost of adopting and maintaining AI systems. Furthermore, resistance to change from educators accustomed to traditional methods poses an additional barrier to AI integration. Addressing these challenges is essential to fully realize the benefits AI can bring to education. To overcome these obstacles, this study proposes practical recommendations, including strengthening technological infrastructure, enhancing teacher training, enforcing robust data protection policies, and fostering collaboration between educational institutions and AI developers. A phased approach to implementation is also emphasized to minimize resistance and ensure the effective adoption of AI tools. Curriculum alignment with AI technologies is highlighted as a critical step to maximize relevance and learning outcomes. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on AI in education by addressing implementation challenges and offering actionable solutions. By adopting these recommendations, stakeholders can create an inclusive, efficient, and adaptable educational environment. The findings aim to guide policymakers, educators, and institutions in leveraging AI to bridge educational gaps and prepare students for success in the digital era.

Illicit Financial Flows and State Capture in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Power Elite Theory Perspective

Wellington Garikai Bonga — 2025-03-10

Using the Power Elite Theory (PET) as analytical lens, this paper explored the interplay of state capture and illicit financial flows (IFFs) for major emitters in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper argues that IFFs in SSA are intrinsically linked to the phenomenon of state capture, which can be better understood through the lens of PET. The nations represented in the emissions data encompass chiefly the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Angola, and South Africa. The key sectors highlighted include chiefly the extractive industries, such as natural gas, petroleum, mining, and minerals. The present work elucidates the relationship between state capture and IFFs through a systematic conceptual framework developed. The paper highlighted factors such as deficient governance, regulatory challenges, and the role of the private sector in driving IFFs linked to PET and state capture. The study showed that, on average from 1980-2018, for the major emitters of IFFs, losses in terms of trade as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ranged from 3.4% to 33.5% from the lowest to the highest emitter. Tracing, the losses, indicate a direct link to power elites and state capture phenomena. Additionally, the paper explored the long-term and short-term impacts of IFFs, including their effects on the environment, the erosion of public trust, unprecedented financial losses, impacts on trade, and the impairment of overall development. A Red-Black to Green Lens Conceptual Diagram was developed. This tool helped to further shed more light on the nature of the problem as embedded within the existing challenges inherent to Zone C. In addressing the problem across the region, the paper indicates that, in addition to other interventions, the greatest solution lies in the commitment of all stakeholders in the economy, including the media, civil society organizations (CSOs), the general populace, and international partners within the region.

The Question of Human Trafficking: A Comparative Analysis of Singapore and India’s Adoption of the UN TIP Protocol

Devarya Grover — 2025-03-10

Human trafficking remains one of the major problems in today’s world, with Southeast Asia being a significantly large hub for such crimes. Singapore, a developed country and a previously notorious transit hub, has put in place strict measures, which include the Prevention of Human Trafficking Act of 2015 that imposes stiff penalties on traffickers, including imprisonment and fines, to prevent trafficking-related offenses in the country. This has led to a successful campaign against trafficking and a consequent considerable decrease in cases within the country. Meanwhile, India faces a larger-scale problem, with trafficking being deeply entrenched in socio-economic disparities. The Trafficking of Persons Prevention, Protection, and Rehabilitation Bill, 2018, is considered to be India's big ticket legislation against trafficking. Yet, the act contains vagueness and regressive components. Together with remaining challenges in enforcement and victim protection, trafficking pervades the country. This paper will conduct an in-depth review of human trafficking in Singapore and India, focusing on a comparison of respective laws and overall situations. This paper also examines the unintended consequences of some provisions in India's Bill, 2018, such as immunity clauses that could discourage victims coming forward in cases of trafficking. The paper concludes with realistic and implementable recommendations for improving enforcement, victim support, and international cooperation to further combat human trafficking, backed by a significant research review.

Islam and Financial Capitalism : A Case Study in Indonesia

Arin Mamlakah Kalamika — 2025-03-10

This study investigates the key issues within the Sharia banking system and its products, which have contributed to the rise of critical civil society movements. From the beginning, Islamic economics within Sharia financial institutions was believed to follow a capitalist framework. This view is not only shared by the public but also by many experts, who argue that Sharia banking mirrors, and even supports, capitalism. Research Methods: Using a case study approach, this research analyzes Bank Syariah Indonesia to assess the alignment of its practices with Islamic economic principles. Findings: in practice, Sharia banking products and systems, like conventional banks, focus on surplus value. This suggests that, despite its Islamic label, Sharia banking operates similarly to conventional banking, driven by profit motives. The study offers critical insights into the ongoing debate about whether Sharia banking genuinely embodies Islamic economic values or merely functions as a capitalist financial model under the guise of Islamic principles.

Impact of Workplace Safety on Business Success: Hazard Identification in Malaysia

Yeasmin Akter — 2025-03-10

Workplace safety and health (WSH) are increasingly recognized as vital components of organizational success, particularly in high-risk sectors such as manufacturing and construction in Malaysia. Despite the existence of comprehensive regulations like OSHA 1994, many companies still struggle with inadequate safety practices, leading to frequent accidents and costly disruptions. This research addresses the gap in the literature regarding the direct relationship between effective WSH practices and business outcomes, particularly in terms of profitability and productivity. The primary objective of this study is to investigate how hazard identification and risk mitigation strategies can enhance organizational performance. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with safety managers, HR personnel, and compliance officers from six organizations. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between comprehensive safety protocols and improved business performance. Companies that prioritize WSH report enhanced employee morale, reduced absenteeism, and increased productivity. Furthermore, organizations with strong safety cultures experience lower turnover rates and substantial cost savings from decreased insurance claims and legal fees. The implications of this research are profound, suggesting that businesses must integrate WSH as a core element of their operational strategy. By doing so, organizations comply with regulations and gain a competitive advantage in the market. This study highlights that investing in workplace safety is not merely a legal obligation but a strategic imperative that drives long-term success and sustainability in the evolving industrial landscape of Malaysia.

The Impact of Psychological Richness on the Innovative Performance of Knowledge Workers

Ping Wang — 2025-03-10

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between psychological richness and the innovative performance of knowledge workers, as well as the mediating roles of self-expansion and innovative self-efficacy in this relationship. This study collected 443 questionnaire surveys from employees of Chinese enterprises and conducted data analysis and hypothesis testing using AMOS 26.0 and SPSS 27.0. The results indicate that psychological richness has a significantly positive impact on the innovative performance of knowledge workers, and self-expansion and innovative self-efficacy play a significant chain mediating role in this process. Prior studies have primarily focused on how hedonic and eudaimonic views of happiness influence innovative performance. This study links the emerging concept of psychological richness to innovative performance, thereby broadening the research domain of psychological richness and providing fresh insights for the study of innovative performance.

Analysis of Erdoğan's Discourse of Slang and Threats: Psychological and Sociological Dimensions of Language

Mustafa ARSLAN — 2025-03-10

This study aims to analyze the psychological and social impacts of slang and threatening rhetoric used in Erdoğan's political discourse. The primary issue of the study is to understand how Erdoğan's use of harsh language shapes the psychological effects on society and his political strategies. In this context, the threatening and slang expressions in Erdoğan's speeches were examined to evaluate their effects on social polarization, leadership perception, and supporter motivation. The research was conducted as a case study within the scope of qualitative research. Data obtained through document analysis were analyzed using thematic and discourse analysis methods. During the analysis process, the frequency, context, and impacts of the slang and threatening rhetoric were examined in detail, providing an in-depth evaluation of the social and psychological reflections of these expressions. According to the findings, Erdoğan's slang and threatening statements play a significant role in deepening social polarization and reinforcing his supporters' loyalty to the government. This use of language minimizes governmental accountability by attributing criticisms to external forces and functions as a strategy to strengthen national unity. By highlighting the effects of this rhetoric on political strategy and leadership image, the study explains the influence of harsh language on psychological and social dynamics.

My Dishonourable Learned Friends: Lawyers Who Steals and Frauds Their clients in South Africa

Shaka Yesufu — 2025-03-24

Lawyers are reportedly stealing from their clients in South Africa instead of providing a legal representation service. They no longer want to practice law according to the provisions of the Legal Practice Act No.28 of 2014. Many have turned the legal professions into criminal gangs and fiefdoms, making away with vast amounts of Millions of Rands stolen from their clients. Some clients have lost deposits from property conveyancing, road accident victims are robbed of their compensation, the Road Accident Fund has been abused for several years in some instances Lawyers receive compensation payouts and do not inform their clients about it. Other Lawyers are too busy litigating their clients who have instructed them for legal representation. The Legal Practice Council has a herculean task ahead in the coming years. Although the number of lawyers struck off the roll Legal Practice Council has increased. The author opined that more lawyers who steal from their clients should be arrested, tried, and convicted. This will serve as a deterrent to others. This research has three purposes. First, to highlight some of the disgraceful lawyers within the legal profession and provide some insight into their modus operandi. Second, to warn vulnerable citizens who may likely prey upon them. Third, to call on all lawyers to join hands together with all stakeholders for justice to hold errant lawyers to justice. It is high time the legal noble profession be rescued from the hands of hoodlums who have hijacked the profession. Some of the findings are : more rigorous vetting process needs to be put in place, immediate custodial sentences for lawyers found quilty of stealing from their clients.