International Journal of Social Science Research and Review

Basic Analysis of Judges' Considerations on the Difference between First Level Decisions and Cassation Level Decisions in Criminal Cases of Protected Forest Destruction

Khalisah Hayatuddin — 2025-01-06

Cases of forest protection destruction often occur in Indonesia. However, only a small part of it gets attention. The focus of the research is on the differences in judges' decisions at two levels of court, namely the First Level Decision No. 11/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Lht which acquitted and the Cassation Level Decision No. 2441K/Pid.Sus/2021 which sentenced the defendant to 1 (one) year and a fine of IDR 1 billion. The research method used is normative research supported by empirical data. The data sources used in this study consist of primary data supported by secondary data. The results of the study found that the Legal Considerations made by the Supreme Court Justice at the Cassation level, namely considering the Testimonies of Witnesses ignored by the Judge at the Lahat District Court, became a strong basis for sentencing the Defendant of the Protected Forest Destruction of the Issues and the absence of reasons for the Elimination of Criminal Charges that had been made by the Defendant to escape the clutches of the law for his actions. The implementation of the decision at the cassation level against the defendant, namely the Lahat District Attorney's Office has carried out a forced pick-up of the Convict to carry out the remaining detention period in accordance with the order from the Head of the Lahat District Attorney's Office to be handed over to the Lahat Regency Penitentiary.

The Squeaky Wheel and the Silent Child: Unraveling the Comprehensive Emotional Demand Theory for Understanding Parental Response Dynamics

Yinan Zhang — 2025-01-06

This study introduces the Comprehensive Emotional Demand Theory (CEDT) to explore the psychological mechanisms behind the adage "The squeaky wheel gets the grease, but the quiet child is unloved." While previous research has demonstrated the connection between explicit emotional needs, such as crying, and heightened parental attention, a significant gap exists in understanding why implicit emotional needs, like obedience, are often overlooked. By integrating the Needs-Response Model, Resource Allocation and Attention Economics, and Social Reinforcement and Behavior Shaping theories, this study offers a novel framework to address this issue. The innovation of this research lies in its application of Attention Economics to analyze how parents, constrained by limited resources, tend to prioritize responding to more apparent needs, thus inadvertently neglecting the fulfillment of quieter, implicit needs. Through theoretical analysis and hypothesis testing, the study reveals how explicit emotional needs are positively reinforced over time, leading to their persistence, while implicit needs gradually diminish due to a lack of response. This research not only fills a critical gap in the literature but also provides practical insights for optimizing family education and social policies, and sets the stage for future cross-cultural and longitudinal research, enhancing both its academic significance and practical relevance.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Measurement Invariance of the Perception of Partner Psychological Abuse (PPPA) in Nigeria and South Africa

Sunday B. Fakunmoju — 2025-01-06

Purpose: Examining the psychometric properties of a research scale is a critical step in ensuring its reliability and validity. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Perception of Partner Psychological Abuse (PPPA) scale, developed to assess individuals' perceptions of psychologically abusive behaviors in intimate relationships, in Nigeria and South Africa. Methods: The study involved participants (N = 823) who were predominantly Black (African) (98.5%), with females (n = 452, 54.9%) and males (n = 371, 45.1%) from Nigeria (n = 291) and South Africa (n = 532). Various confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were used to assess the scale's factor structure and dimensionality. Measurement invariance procedures were employed to evaluate the equivalence of the factor structure across gender and country. Construct validity, including both convergent and discriminant validity, was also examined. Results: Findings indicated that the PPPA scale is appropriate for measuring perceptions of partner psychological abuse. The scale demonstrated adequate convergent and discriminant validity, and composite reliability showed good internal consistency. The hypothesized four-factor structure aligned well with the data, with observed variables collectively and individually contributing to the overall construct and subconstructs. The factor structure was consistent across genders and countries, confirming the scale's multidimensionality. Differences in the perception of partner psychological abuse were observed between the two countries. Conclusions: This study validates the psychometric properties of the PPPA scale, emphasizing the relevance of power dynamics and economic disparities in shaping perceptions of partner psychological abuse. It reinforces the scale's value as a tool for recognizing and addressing psychological abuse in intimate relationships.

Keywords: Psychological Abuse, Partner Violence, Verbal Aggression, Isolation, Control, Neglect, Economic Abuse, Financial Abuse.

Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Learning Model in Improving Students' Mathematical Reasoning Abilities in the Application of School Mathematics Course

Idha Novianti — 2025-01-06

This research aims to measure the effectiveness of the flipped classroom learning model in improving students' mathematical reasoning abilities in the Application of School Mathematics course at the Universitas Terbuka. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of 60 students, who were divided into two groups: an experimental group that used the flipped classroom (n=30) and a control group that used the conventional method (n=30). The results of data analysis show that the average score of students' mathematical reasoning ability in the experimental group increased from 58.2 (SD = 8.7) in the pretest to 81.4 (SD = 7.2) in the posttest, with an average increase (N -gain) of 0.64 which is included in the medium category. In contrast, the control group experienced an increase from 57.6 (SD = 9.1) to 70.3 (SD = 8.5), with an N-gain of 0.38 which is in the low category. The t test showed that the increase in mathematical reasoning ability in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group (t = 4.12, p < 0.001). These results indicate that the flipped classroom is an effective learning model in improving students' mathematical reasoning abilities. These findings provide an important contribution to the development of distance learning, especially at the Universitas Terbuka. This research recommends implementing the flipped classroom integrated with active learning strategies for other courses in mathematics education programs.

Research on the Narrative Spaces of James Joyce’s Novels——Taking The Dead as an Example

Wenhui Lv — 2025-01-06

This study addresses the narrative space of James Joyce in his work The Dead(1914), and explores how it collectively enhance the thematic impact of The Dead, showcasing the paralysis state of Dubliners, especially Gabriel. The novel explores the spiritual death, social norms and character loss, love and marriage, nationalism and cultural identity of Dubliners, leading to Gabriel’s psychological paralysis. This study provides an analysis of three narrative spaces of James Joyce’s The Dead, focusing on Gabriel Zoran’s spatial criticism theory. The above three narrative spaces include topographical space, chronotopic space and textual space. The topographical spaces refer to the Misses Morkan’s Annual Dance and the hotel, which play a vital role in shaping the characters and expressing the “paralysis” theme of the story. The three confrontations between Gabriel and three women shows the the motion state and the rest state between the four characters and the changing process of Gabriel’s spiritual world from paralysis to epiphany. The textual spaces like flashback and cinematography increase the artistic charm of the story’s language. The findings suggest that the paralysis motif is critical in The Dead. The three narrative spaces created by Joyce drive the plot and the character shaping. Zoran’s theory provides readers with a new way of reading and understanding text, which helps to enhance their spatial awareness, improve the text analysis ability and enrich the reading experience. The study recommends further research into the use of Zoran’s spatial criticism theory to examine Joyce’s other novels, in addition, comparative analysis, interdisciplinary research and qualitative and quantitative analysis of texts are also can be conducted in this field.

The Role of Social Support Networks in Shaping Post-Prison Life

Katrina Angela Carreon Matias — 2025-01-08

This study examines the role of social support networks in shaping the reintegration experiences of formerly incarcerated individuals. Focusing on emotional well-being, economic stability, and recidivism, the research explores how different types of support—emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal—impact these outcomes. Conducted in Angeles City, Pampanga, the study employs a quantitative descriptive survey design, using structured questionnaires to gather data from 122 participants released from incarceration within the past two years. Convenience and snowball sampling methods were utilized to identify participants who accessed social support during reintegration. Results highlight the availability and effectiveness of support systems, barriers faced, and the perceived success of reintegration programs. The study underscores the importance of family ties, peer networks, and community organizations in fostering successful reintegration while addressing gaps in resources and systemic challenges. These findings aim to guide policymakers, rehabilitation experts, and community leaders in designing evidence-based, inclusive reintegration strategies that reduce recidivism and promote social inclusion.

A Comprehensive Study of Supervised Learning Models on the OCTID Dataset for Retinal Disease Detection with Future Directions

Arman Mohammad Nakib — 2025-01-06

This paper presents a critical analysis of recent approaches to supervised learning techniques on the OCTID database that are important in the early diagnosis of retinal diseases such as AMD, CSR, DME, and MH. The review concentrates on methodologies, experimental configurations, and assessments of various machine learning and deep learning techniques. The limitations observed in the current work are in terms of computational complexity, possible limitation in labeling, and lack of extensive experimentation using videos with OCT. For future work, we suggest using semi-supervised learning as they are more accurate and less costly in medical applications.

Integration Pattern of Ulul Albab Values in Research-Based Learning

Nanik Wahyuni — 2025-01-15

This research aims to determine the internalization of ulul albab value in research-based learning. This research was conducted because the research-based learning model is one of the suitable learning models for Generation Z. This suitability arises because students learn to solve problems systematically and methodologically in research-based learning. This model is based on the goal of internalizing the ulul albab, which is the main characteristic of Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang students. This research was conducted at the Islamic banking study program, Faculty of Economics, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. This research is a qualitative case study because it is conducted on a particular entity. The results of this study indicate that the research-based learning model can foster student curiosity, search for appropriate theories, search for data, solve problems according to the data, and draw conclusions. This result also aligns with the value of ulul albab; spiritual depth, moral majesty, breadth of knowledge, and professional maturity.

Importance of Local Economic Development as a Strategy to Enhance Community Development Projects in Thulamela Local Municipality

Tlangelani Ngobeni — 2025-01-17

The study explores the importance of Local Economic Development ( LED) in enhancing community development projects in Thulamela Local Municipality (TLM). South Africa attempts to combat unemployment, poverty and inequality. The introduction of LED in communities aims to generate jobs, alleviate poverty prevalent in various communities across the country. The LED strategy leverages local resources, communities, public institutions, and private sector to generate employment, alleviate poverty in rural areas and adressing unemployment. The study used Mixed Research Method (MRM). Interviews and questionnaires data was collected concurrently from two different sample sizes. Data collected through questionnaires was analysed, presented and interpreted. thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected through interviews. Thematic analysis results found four main themes namely, poverty, unemployment, job creation, local economy and skills. A sample size of (N=110) participants from TLM. Research findings indicates that LED is crucial in generating job opportunities, reducing povertyin local communities, and boosting economic growth. The study offers insights for TLM policy-makers to effectively implement LED projects, enhance job creation and combat poverty. The study concludes that failure to implement an LED strategy country's high unemployment rate, poverty, low income, inequlaity, and low skills will significantly hinder economic growth.