The 8-Inclusion Needs of All People: A Proposed Framework to Address Intersectionality in Efforts to Prevent Discrimination

Abstract

Since Kimberlé Crenshaw conceived the theory and concept of intersectionality in 1989, intersectional research has flourished. However, despite there being a significant increase in the understanding of the lived-experience of people, there has not been enough progress toward eliminating discrimination and achieving equality for all. This paper begins by highlighting the current state of inclusion, then reviews existing research on the application of intersectionality in efforts to address discrimination. The literature review includes an overview of several existing models designed to assist the application of intersectionality in reducing discrimination, followed by the identification of need for a framework that is practical, operationalizable, and addresses the needs of all people and intersectionalities. In light of the identified gap, an analysis of existing research on the discrimination causes of 13 individual identities and 5 intersectional identities was undertaken, from which eight common themes emerged. In light of the findings, a proposed new framework, called The 8-Inclusion Needs of All People, is presented. The framework is then illustrated with recommendations for application in government and policy making, the law, advocacy work, and in organizations with the goal of providing a useful framework for expediting social justice and equitable outcomes for all people.