From Funding Projects to Influencing Policies: Are International Financial Institutions Players in Borrowing Countries’ Public Policy Arena? Sub-Saharan Africa Case
Keywords:
Borrowing Countries; Discourse Coalition; Framing; Funding; International Financial Institution; Policy Arena; Policies; Projects; Sub-Saharan Africa; Sustainable Development; Environmental and Social Sustainability
Abstract
Most international funds are channeled through international financial institutions (IFIs). Borrowing from these institutions entails to abide by some polices. These policies operate as a vehicle for disseminating policy objectives set out and advocated by these IFIs, giving them an edge to getting involved in the policy making of borrowing countries. Arises, therefore, the following question. From Funding Projects to Influencing Policies: Are International Financial Institutions Players in Borrowing Countries’ Public Policy Arena? Scholarships on the effects of IFIs development assistance on countries too often address economics aspects. Purporting to highlight the poorly addressed aspects, this paper applies, within a neoliberal theoretical framework, the discourse coalition approach to environmental and social sustainability, and came up with the following finding. IFIs built a discourse coalition, with their policy requirements as story lines, environmental and social experts as actors, and sustainable development as discourse. This discourse resonates better and more powerful in the development space so as to become the dominant discourse. By uttering sustainable development discourse, IFIs gain leverage for shaping the preference strategies of borrowing countries in their agenda setting as well as influencing their preferences, beliefs, and strategies as far as environmental as social sustainability of projects is concerned.
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Metze, T. & Dodge, G. (2016) Dynamic Discourse Coalitions on hydro-fracking in Europe and the United States Environmental Communication Routledge Taylor & Francis Group
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Naushathali, A. H. International Financial Institutions, Sustainability, and Accountability
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Nye, J. (2011) "The Future of Power", New York: Public Affairs.
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Özdemir, H. (2008) "Power in International Relations: A Multidimensional Assessment", Ankara University SBF Journal
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van Hulst, M. (2012) “Storytelling, a Model of and a Model for Planning.” Planning Theory 11 (3): 299–318.
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Yanow, D. (1993) The communication of policy meanings: Implementation as interpretation and text. Policy Sciences, 26(1), 41–61. https://www. doi .org /10 .1007 /BF01006496
Yanow, D. (2000) Interpretive Policy Analysis. London: Sage.
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Benford & Snow (2000) Framing processes and social movement: An Overview and Assessment Annual Review of Sociology · August 2000 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611
Brannagan, P. M., & Giulianotti, R. (2018) "The soft power–soft disempowerment nexus: the case of Qatar", International Affairs, 94(5): 1139–1157.
Bozdağlıoğlu, Y., & Özen, Ç. (2004). Liberalizmden neoliberalizme güç olgusu ve sistemik bağımlılık. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 1(4), 75-76.
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Cottiero, C. & Schneider, C. J. (2025) International Financial Institutions and the Promotion of Autocratic Resilience
Dahl, A. R. (1957)"The Concept of Power", Behavioral Science, 2(3): 201-215.
Durnová, A. P., & Weible, C. M. (2020). Tempest in a teapot? Toward new collaborations between mainstream policy process studies and interpretive policy studies. Policy Sciences, 53, 571–588. https://www .doi .org /10 .1007 /s11077 -020 -09387 –y
Durnová, A. (2022). Making interpretive policy analysis critical and societally relevant: Emotions, ethnography and language. Policy and Politics, 50(1), 43–58. https://www. doi .org /10 .1332 /030 5573 21X1 6129 850569011.
Douglas, M. (1966) Purity and Danger And analysis of the concepts of pollution and taboo Routledge Taylor & Francis Group London & New York
Entman, R. M. (1993) “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51–58.
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Environmental and social framework September 2024 Revised Draft Asian Development Bank
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Fabra, A. (2002) The Intersection of Human Rights and Environmental Issues: A review of institutional developments at the international level. Joint UNEP-OHCHR Expert Seminar on Human Rights and the Environment 14-16 January 2002 Geneva BACKGROUND PAPER No. 3 Instituto Internacional de Derecho y Medio Ambiente
Fedorova, T.V.& Khlyzova, N.Y. (2025) Methodological genesis of the concept «Soft power» in the system of global regionalism
Fischer, F., & Forester, J. (1993). The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Fischer, F., Miller, G.J., & Sidney, M. S. (2007) Handbook of Public Policy Analysis Theory, Politics, and Methods CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton London New York
Foucault, M., (1984) Discipline and Punish. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Forester, J., (1993) Learning from Practice Stories - The priority of practical judgement. Pp.186-209 in Fischer & Forester (eds.).
Gallarotti, G., & Al Filali, I. (2014) "The Soft Power of Saudi Arabia", International Studies, 49(3):
Gilboa, E. (2008) Searching for a Theory of Public Diplomacy The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
Gomichon, M. (2013) "Joseph Nye on Soft Power", https://www.e-ir.info/2013/03/08/joseph-nye-onsoft-power/ (09.10.2023).
Guillaumont, P., Boussichas, M., & Dsouza, A. (2003) The Evolution of Aid Conditionality: A Review of the Literature of the Last Twenty Years WORKING PAPER SEPTEMBER 2023
Hajer, M. (1993) Discourse coalition and the institutionalization of practice
Hajer, M. A. (1995) The Politics of Environmental Discourse. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hajer, M. (1995) The politics of environmental discourse: Ecological modernization and the regulation of acid rain. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Hajer, M.A., (2005) Rebuilding ground zero. The politics of performance. Planning theory & practice, 6(4), pp.445-464
Himberg, H. (2015) Comparative review of multilateral development bank safeguard systems Main Report and Annexes
IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability Effective January 1, 2012 International Finance Corporation World Bank
IIC Environmental and social sustainability Policy, Inter-American Investment Corporation, Effective September 1, 2013
Jackson, R. Sorensen, G. (2022) Introduction to International Relations, Theories and Approaches Fifth edition Oxford Press
Kanyurt, D. (2025) Soft power from international relations theories Journal of management and economic research Cilt/Volume: 23 Sayı/Issue: 1 Mart/March 2025 ss. /pp. 196-212 D. Canyurt, http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/yead.1365339
Kearn, J. D. (2011) "The Hard Truths About Soft Power", Journal of Political Power, 4(1): 65–85. Doi: 10.1080/2158379X.2011.556869.
Kelley, H. H., & Thibaut, J. (1978). Interpersonal relations: A theory of interdependence. New York: Wiley.
Keohane, R. O., & Jr., J. S. (1998) "Power and Interdependence in the Information Age", Foreign Affairs, 77(5): 81-94.
Krever T. (2011) The Legal Turn in Late Development Theory: The Rule of Law and the World Bank’s Development Model Harvard International Law Journal / Vol. 52, NUMBER 1, WINTER 2011
Kudrat-E-Khuda (2020) The Interrelationship Between Environment and Human Rights: An Overview on Legal Context Bhutan Journal of Research & Development
Laclau, E. & Mouffe, C. (1985) Hegemony and Socialist Strategy London: Verso, 1985
Leiteritz, R.J. (2001) Sovereignty, developing countries and international financial institutions: a Reply to David Williams Review of International Studies (2001), 27, 435–440 Copyright © British International Studies Association
Linder, S. (1995) “Contending Discourses in the Electric and Magnetic Fields Controversy.” Policy Sciences 28: 209–30.
Luker, K. (1984) Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Mahmood R. M. (2025). Power in International Relations: Insights from Realist and Liberal Theories. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 21 (8), 27
Mahmud, A.S. International Financial Institutions (IFIs)– The major barrier to change in the aid system Voices for Interactive Choice and Empowerment (VOICE). The Reality of Aid Asia Pacific Network
Masango, R.(2001) Public participation in policy-making and implementation with specific reference to the Port Elizabeth municipality URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18142
Metze, T. & Dodge, G. (2016) Dynamic Discourse Coalitions on hydro-fracking in Europe and the United States Environmental Communication Routledge Taylor & Francis Group
Mercier J.R. (1995) Environmental Assessment and Review in Sub-Saharan Africa Post-UNCED Series Towards environmentally sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa, Building Blocks for AFRICA, 2025 Paper No. 7 21118 September 1995 Environmentally Sustainable Development Division * Africa Technical Department (AFTES
Morgenthau, H. J. (1962) Politics among nations. New York: Chicago Press.
Morley, J. et al. (2020) Implications of the World Bank’s environmental and social framework for biodiversity Conservation Letters. 2021;14:e12759. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12759
Naushathali, A. H. International Financial Institutions, Sustainability, and Accountability
Ney, S. (2013) Resolving Messy Problems: Handling Conflicts in Environmental, Transport Health and Ageing Policy. London: Routledge.
Nye, J. S. (1990) "Soft Power", Foreign Policy (80): 153-171.
Nye, J. S. (2004) "Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics", New York: Public Affairs
Nye, J. (2011) "The Future of Power", New York: Public Affairs.
Othman, R. (2024) The Power of International Financial Institutions: An Analysis of World Bank and IMF Policies Arab American University, Email: rose.othman@aaup.edu
Özdemir, H. (2008) "Power in International Relations: A Multidimensional Assessment", Ankara University SBF Journal
Park, S. (2010). The World Bank’s global safeguard policy norm? In S. Park & A. Vetterlein (Eds.), Owning Development: Creating Policy Norms in the IMF and the World Bank (pp. 181–203).
Plotnikova, S.N. (2019) Discourse Spaces: a Systemic Approach Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 1 (2019) 106-116
Radwan, T. (2020) The impact and influence of the international financial institutions on the Middle East & North Africa Edited by Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Regional Project Tunis, Tunisia 2020
Rich, B. (2013). Foreclosing the future, the World Bank and the politics of environmental destruction. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Reus-Smit, C. (2013) "Constructivism", in Burchill et al. (eds.) Theories of International Relations, Istanbul: Küre Publications.
Schmidt, R.S. (2000) Language Policy and Identity Politics in the United States. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Schmidt, R.S. (2006) “Value-Critical Policy Analysis: The Case of Language Policy in the United States.” In Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn, ed. Dvora Yanow and Peregrine Schwartz-Shea, ch. 17. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Schon, D.A. and Rein, M. (1994) Frame Reflection: Toward the Resolution of Intractable Policy Controversies. New York: Basic Books.
Stichelmans, B.T. (2016) How international financial institutions and donors influence economic policies in developing countries September 2016 A Eurodad discussion paper
Sommer, J. M., Shandra, J. M., & Restivo, M. (2017) The World Bank, contradictory lending, and forests: A cross-national analysis of organized hypocrisy. International Sociology, 32(6), 707–730.
Swaffield, S. (1998) “Contextual Meanings in Policy Discourse: A Case Study of Language Use Concern ing Resource Policy in the New Zealand High Country.” Policy Sciences 31: 199–224.
van Hulst, M. (2012) “Storytelling, a Model of and a Model for Planning.” Planning Theory 11 (3): 299–318.
van Hulst, M., & Yanow; D. (2016) “From policy ‘frames’ to ‘framing’: Theorizing a More Dynamic, Political Approach.” The American Review of Public Administration 46 (1): 92–112
van Hulst et al. (2024) Discourse, framing and narrative: three ways of doing critical, interpretive policy analysis, Critical Policy Studies Routledge Taylor & Francis Group
van Ostaijen, M. (2016) “Between Migration and Mobility Discourses.” Critical Policy Studies 11 (2): 166–190.
Van der Waldt, G. (2002) E-Governance: Where do we stand and what are the challenges? Administratio Publica, 11(2).]
Van Ostaijen; M. (2020) Legitimating intra-European movement discourses: understanding mobility and migration Comparative European Politics 18 (1), 1-20
Wagenaar, H. (2011) Meaning in Action. London: ME Sharpe.
Walt, S. M. (1998) "International Relations: One World, Many Theories", Foreign Policy (110): 29–46.
Weber, M. (1968) "Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology", New York: Bedminster Press.
Wendt, A. (2013) "The Formation of a Collective Identity and the International State", in J. Spykman et al. (eds.) Key Texts in International Relations, Istanbul: International Relations Library.
Yanow, D. (1993) The communication of policy meanings: Implementation as interpretation and text. Policy Sciences, 26(1), 41–61. https://www. doi .org /10 .1007 /BF01006496
Yanow, D. (2000) Interpretive Policy Analysis. London: Sage.
Yanow, D. (2014) Interpretive analysis and comparative research. In I. Engeli and C. Rothmayr, (eds.), Comparative policy studies: Conceptual and methodological challenges. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 131-159.
Wade, R. H. (1997) Greening the bank: The struggle over the environment. In D. Kapur, J. P. Lewis, & R. C. Webb (Eds.), The World Bank: Its first half century—perspectives (Vol. 2, pp. 1970–1995). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Published
2025-11-24
How to Cite
Tchassante-Tchedre, N. (2025). From Funding Projects to Influencing Policies: Are International Financial Institutions Players in Borrowing Countries’ Public Policy Arena? Sub-Saharan Africa Case. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 8(12), 321-341. https://doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v8i12.3149
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