Assessing the Effectiveness of Social Governance Mechanisms in Reducing Poverty and Fostering Economic Equality in Pakistan
Abstract
In the current study, it is the systematic assessment of the effectiveness of the social governance mechanisms in reducing poverty and enhancing economic equality in Pakistan. Although the programs like BISP and Ehsaas have been significantly reformed, poverty and inequality are entrenched in the structures, institutions and politics. The research design used is a qualitative research design, which utilizes semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and analysis of policy documents in exploring how governance processes can affect the effectiveness of social protection systems. Findings indicate that new reforms, especially the adoption of digital payments and biometric checks have increased the precision of targeting and minimized leakages. However, there are still major problems within the local level. The forces of political interference, lack of accountability, community participation and poor coordination between federal and provincial institutions have continued to undermine effectiveness of programs and equitable delivery of services. The paper concludes that Pakistan has recorded positive gains, however, there is so much to be done in terms of social governance systems that would make social protection programs viable in reducing poverty and economic inequality in a sustainable manner. Improvisation of coordination, stakeholder involvement and amplification of accountability measures are fundamental in making the welfare system more equitable and steady.
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