Causes and Consequences of Motorbike Accidents in Ghana: A Mixed-Methods Approach

Abstract

Motorbike accidents represent a significant public health challenge in Ghana, leading to substantial injuries, disabilities, and fatalities, particularly among young male riders. This study explored the causes and impacts of motorbike accidents through a mixed-methods approach, combining retrospective hospital record reviews with qualitative interviews conducted in two Kumasi communities, Aboabo and Ayigya. Analysis of hospital records from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital showed that out of 106 victims, the majority were males under the age of 30, with 76.4% suffering head injuries. Alarmingly, helmet usage was strikingly low at just 9.4%, exacerbating the severity of injuries. Human factors such as reckless riding, speeding, sudden braking, fatigue, and drug use emerged as the most common causes. Mechanical issues, particularly brake failures, along with poor road conditions like potholes and inadequate lighting, also contributed significantly. Qualitative findings underscored community perceptions of motorbikes as essential for mobility and livelihoods but acknowledged the risks posed by unsafe practices and weak enforcement of traffic regulations. The consequences of accidents extended beyond physical harm to include loss of income, psychological distress, and financial strain on families. Emergency response systems were notably absent, leaving victims reliant on community support and local clinics for care. The study concludes that head injuries remain the most critical health burden associated with motorbike crashes, compounded by low helmet compliance and weak regulatory enforcement. To address these issues, it recommends stricter enforcement of helmet and safety regulations, enhancements to road infrastructure, rider training programs, and community-based safety education initiatives.