Colonial and Post-Colonial Impact on Indian Artisans: A Case Study of Odisha and West Bengal

Abstract

Artisans have been the backbone of India’s culture and heritage for centuries. However, they have continued to face exploitation, even to this day. This research article aims to raise awareness about their situation and substantiate it through surveys, secondary data, and analysis, drawing upon both historical accounts and contemporary field studies. It provides a detailed and comprehensive study on the socio-economic factors influencing the livelihoods of these craftsmen. During the colonial period, the British adopted several protectionist policies, which led to a decline in Indian artisanry. Many people were compelled to switch occupations due to the hardships of this work, resulting in a loss of skills and traditions that formed part of India’s intangible heritage. The struggle of these craftsmen continues today, as they suffer from low incomes, limited recognition, and rising costs. With increasing modernization and the growth of e-commerce platforms, there is a pressing need for artisans to adapt to new technologies. Interviews have been conducted in Odisha and West Bengal to address the challenges of these craftsmen. Results highlight the urgent need for government action to support these vulnerable artisan clusters and sustainable interventions to safeguard India’s artisanal heritage for future generations.