Combating Gender Norms: Gender Inclusion in the Armed Forces of India and Germany

Abstract

With growing global conversation surrounding the topic of gender equality, armed forces continue to remain as one of the most powerful institutions where traditional gender roles are being challenged and redefined. This study examines the participation and inclusion of women in two culturally distinct military systems of India and Germany. By focusing on public attitudes and societal perceptions, the research examines how women are being integrated into defence forces that have largely been a male dominated domain. A qualitative research method was utilised to examine the interview responses from people in the two countries. Within Germany, respondents (N= 10) were given an online form to fill out whereas in India (N= 19), in-person interviews were conducted with the participants. The study used a convenience sampling technique to acquire responses on people’s perception towards women’s participation in the forces. Thematic analysis was conducted on the interview responses to generate codes and themes. Findings of the study reveal that people strongly perceive that women continue to face various challenges in the armed forces, especially when it comes to maintaining a work-life balance. In India, social pressure and limited access to combat roles remain key issues, while in Germany, cultural biases and a lack of women in leadership persist despite progressive policies. German respondents frequently spoke about the persistence of traditional gender roles and the need for systemic support, whereas Indian participants highlighted the legal and structural obstacles still in place. The study comes to the conclusion that to ensure women participation in armed forces worldwide, there is need for reform, assistance and general social change.