The Role of Higher Education in Somalia's Socioeconomic Development: A Focus on the Post-Collapse Era of the Central Government

Abstract

The collapse of Somalia’s central government in 1991 led to decades of instability, severely impacting the country’s economic and social structures. However, higher education has emerged as a key driver of economic revival by equipping individuals with the necessary skills for sustainable development. This study explores the role of higher education in rebuilding Somalia’s economy, highlighting its impact on labor capacity, governance, and entrepreneurship. A survey conducted among 124 respondents revealed that 71% believe higher education plays a "very significant" role in economic recovery. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening Somalia’s higher education sector to accelerate economic growth and national stability. 49.2% of the respondents suggested that higher education institutions in Somalia have significantly contributed to the development of skilled professionals required for rebuilding the nation. 74.2% of participants believe that these groups are "very effective" at promoting harmony and peace. Universities provide a platform for diverse populations to interact, fostering communication, tolerance, and understanding between students from all backgrounds. 56.5% of respondents believed that a lack of funds and resources was a major obstacle to higher education institutions' ability to effectively contribute to employment and economic growth. In conclusion, even though Somalia's higher education system has proven resilient and adaptable, further changes and funding are required to fully realize its potential in promoting social change and economic success. Higher education institutions in Somalia should prioritize aligning their programs with labor market need to ensure graduates possess the necessary skills for employment, thereby addressing the labor absorption gap.