Rethinking Autonomous Development and Social Change in Africa
Abstract
One of the most sought-after ideals in post-independence Africa, yet highly elusive, is the realization of autonomous development and social change. Samir Amin is among the many scholars who have proposed solutions yet whose contribution has not been satisfactorily popularised. Amin was among the first generation of scholars who theorized and conceptualized pathways toward autonomous development and social change in Africa. In his honour, this article revisits the development and social change debate in Africa. Drawing from critical document analysis and underpinned by content analysis, this qualitative article identifies the dependency syndrome as one of the key challenges to Africa's development trajectory. This has compromised continental efforts toward autonomous development and social change. Amin proposed 'delinking' from the world capitalist system as the first step toward autonomous development.
References
African Development Bank Group. (2020). African Economic Outlook 2020 amid COVID–19. (Supplement). African Development Bank.
Álvarez, R. (2019). Forging a Diagonal Instrument for the Global Left: The Vessel. Journal of World-Systems Research, 25(2): 345-364.
Ake, C. (1996). Democracy and Development in Africa. Washington DC: Brookings Institution.
Ajl, M. (2021). The hidden legacy of Samir Amin: Delinking’s ecological foundation. Review of African Political Economy, 48(167): 82-101.
Amin, S. (1972). Underdevelopment and dependence in Black Africa: Origins and contemporary forms. Journal of Modern African Studies, 10(4): 503–524.
Amin, S. (1973). Neocolonialism in West Africa. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Amin, S. (1974a). Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Amin, S. (1974b). Accumulation and Development: A Theoretical Model. Review of African Political Economy 1 (1): 9–26.
Amin, S. (1976). Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism. Sussex: Monthly Review Press.
Amin, S. (1977). Imperialism and Unequal Development. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Amin, S. (1983). The Future of Maoism. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Amin, S. (1990). Delinking: Towards a Polycentric World. London: Zed Books.
Amin, S. (1991). ‘The state and development’. In Held, D. (Ed.). Political theory today. Oxford: Polity Press, pp 305-29.
Amin, S. (2006). Beyond US Hegemony? Assessing the Prospects for a Multipolar World. Beirut: World Book Publishing.
Amin, S. (2014). Understanding the Political Economy of Contemporary Africa. Africa Development, 34(1): 15-36.
Amin, S. (2016). To the memory of Sam Moyo. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy, 5(2&3): 138–15.
Aziz, S. (1978). Rural Development: Learning from China. London: Macmillan.
Bernstein, H. (2010). Class dynamics of agrarian change. Halifax, NS, and Sterling, VA: Fernwood Publishing and Kumarian Press.
Bertocchi, G & Canova, F. (2002). Did colonization matter for growth? An empirical exploration into the historical causes of Africa’s underdevelopment. European Economic Review, 46(10):1851-71.
Brobbey, P. (2010). Theories of social development. University of Ghana: Department of sociology.
Cheru, F. (2009). Development in Africa: The Imperial Project versus the National Project and the Need for Policy Space. Review of African Political Economy, 36(120): 275-278.
Elumelu, T. (2010). ‘Why Africa Needs Capitalism That is aligned with its Development Needs’. http://tonyelumelufoundation.org/africapitalisminstitute/why-africa-needs-capitalism-that-is-aligned-with-its-development-needs. (Accessed 17/03/2021).
FAO. (2017). The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2017: Building resilience for peace and food security. Rome: FAO.
Gachet, JP & Slaheddine El-Amami. (1978). Donneés Climatiques et Essai de Prévisions Agronomiques Concernant Les Productions Agricoles de Base, Case de La Campagne En Cours (1977–1978). CRGR.
Ghosh, J. (2021). Interpreting contemporary imperialism: lessons from Samir Amin. Review of African Political Economy, 48(167): 8-14.
Gumede, V. (2018). Social policy for inclusive development in Africa: Revisiting Development Discourse. Third World Quarterly, 39(1): 1-17.
Gumede, V. (2019). ‘Rethinking and Reclaiming Development in Africa’. Ndlovu-Gatsheni & Mpofu, B. Rethinking and unthinking development: Perspectives on inequality and poverty in South Africa and Zimbabwe. New York: Berghahn books.
Gyimah-Brempong, K & Traynor, TL. (1999). Political instability, investment and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Economies, 8(1): 52-86.
ILO. (2014). Global Employment trends. Risk of a jobless recovery? Geneva: International Labour Organisation.
Juego, B. (2019). Rethinking Samir Amin’s Legacy and the Case for a Political Organization of the Global Justice Movement. Journal of World-Systems Research, 25(2): 336-344.
Latouche, S. (1993). In the Wake of the Affluent Society: An Exploration of Post-development. London: Zed Books.
Lushaba, LS. (2006). ‘Development as Modernity, Modernity as Development’, African Studies Centre Working Paper 69/2006. Leiden: ASC.
Mair, L. P. (1960). Social Change in Africa. International Affairs, 36(4): 447-456.
Mignolo, W.D & Walsh, C.E. (2018). On Decoloniality: Concepts, Analytics, Praxis. Durhamand London: Duke University Press.
Mkandawire, T. (2011a). Running while others walk: knowledge and the challenge of Africa’s development. Africa Development, 36 (2): 1-36.
Mkandawire, T. (2011b). Thinking about Developmental States in Africa. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 25(3):289-313.
Mokoena, D. (2018). ‘Capitalist Crisis and Gender Inequality: Quest for Inclusive Development’, in V. Gumede, (ed.), Towards Inclusive Development in Africa: Transforming Global Relations. Pretoria: AISA & CODESRIA Press, pp 84–102.
Moyo, S. (2016). Family farming in sub-Saharan Africa: Its contribution to agriculture, food security and rural development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the United Nations Development Programme. Working paper number 150.
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. (2012). Coloniality of Power in Development Studies and the Impact of Global Imperial Designs on Africa. Inaugural Professorial Lecture, University of South Africa, 16, October.
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, SJ. (2018). Epistemic Freedom in Africa: Deprovincialization and Decolonization. London and New York: Routledge.
Ndhlovu, E. (2020). Decolonisation of Development: Samir Amin and the Struggle for an Alternative Development Approach in Africa. The Saharan Journal, 1 (1): 87-111.
Ndhlovu, E. (2021). ‘The Land Question in Africa: Sam’s Perspectives’. In Gumede, V.T and Shonhe, T. Rethinking the land and agrarian questions in Africa. Africa Century Editions Press.
Ndhlovu, E. (2022). ‘Changing Agrarian Discourses and Practices and the Prospects for Food Sovereignty in Zimbabwe.’ (pp.34-53). In Mkodzongi, G. The future of Zimbabwe’s agrarian sector: Land Issues in a Time of Political Transition. Routledge.
Ojo, O & Oshikoya, T. (1995). Determinants of long term growth: some African results. Journal of African Economies, 4(2): 163-91.
Oloruntoba, S. (2015). Politics of Financialisation and Inequality: Transforming Global Relations for Inclusive Development. Africa Development, 60(3):121–37.
Olatunji, OF & Ujomu, OP. (2014). Africa’s Problem of Social Change, Dominant Social Paradigms and Key Values for Peace and Development. Beytulhikme an International Journal of Philosophy, 4(1): 30-44.
Rodney, W. (1972). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Washington, DC: Howard University Press.
Savvides, A. (1995). Economic growth in Africa. World Development, 23(3): 449-58.
Schmidt, E & Mittelman, JH. (2009). Development in Africa: What is the Cutting Edge in Thinking and Policy? Review of African Political Economy, 36(120): 273-282.
Shivji, GI. (2018). Trajectories of accumulation: How neoliberal primitive accumulation is planting the seeds of suicide:Africa.New Agenda.South African Journal of Social and Economic Policy,68, 36–38.
Shivji, GI. (2019). Sam Moyo and Samir Amin on the peasant question. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy 1–16.
Tandon. Y. (2015). Development is Resistance. Africa Development 60(3): 139–59.
United Nations Development Programme. (2020). Human Development Report 2020. United Nations Development Programme.
Wa Thiong’o,N. (2009).Something torn and new:An African renaissance.New York:Basic Civitas Books.
WHO. (2018). The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2017: Building resilience for peace and food security. Rome: FAO. http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition/. (Accessed 29/11/2019).
Ziai, A. (2009). Development: Projects, Power, and a Poststructuralist Perspective Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 34(2): 183–201.
Copyright (c) 2024 Emmanuel Ndhlovu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).