Police Perceptions of the Use and Effectiveness of Technology in Combatting Carjacking Within the Tshwane Metropolitan Policing Precinct

  • Rescar Nyiko Chauke Department of Safety & Security Management, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-8059
  • Hendrick Puleng Motlalekgosi Department of Safety & Security Management, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
  • Kholofelo Annah Rakubu Department of Safety & Security Management, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-3141
Keywords: Carjacking; Technology; Tshwane Metropolitan; Crime

Abstract

Increased carjacking in South Africa is a cause for concern, especially in metropolitan areas such as Tshwane. This article explores police perceptions of the use and effectiveness of technology in combatting carjacking within the Tshwane Metropolitan policing precinct. The objectives were to identify innovative technological systems and devices that are currently utilised by the police, and to determine their effectiveness. A qualitative research method was employed in this study and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Participants were sourced from various police stations across the Tshwane Metropolitan policing precinct, including Soshanguve, Atteridgeville, Pretoria West, Silverton, and the forensics department. A non-probability sampling procedure was followed and participants were purposively selected. The study found that different types of technological devices are used by the police, with an improvement based on the introduction of the commonly used application WhatsApp. The effectiveness of technological devices does not seem to militate against the ever-improving technology used by carjackers. Recommendations for practical application are made based on the findings of this study.

Author Biographies

Rescar Nyiko Chauke, Department of Safety & Security Management, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

Rescar Nyiko Chauke is a Tshwane Metropolitan Police Officer employed by the City of Tshwane, the Capital city of South Africa. He is also a teaching assistant in the College of Law at the University of South Africa. He holds a Master's Degree in Policing, which he acquired from Tshwane University of Technology. He is currently a Doctoral Degree candidate in policing with the same institution. His academic interests cut across the field of policing, criminology and criminal justice. He has published numerous articles in the field of Criminal Justice System

Kholofelo Annah Rakubu, Department of Safety & Security Management, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

Kholofelo Rakubu, PhD, is an Associate Professor and head in the Department of  Safety and Security Management, Faculty of Humanities Research Ethics Chair at the Tshwane University of Technology, and  Criminology Society of Africa’s council member. Prof Rakubu earned her PhD from the University of Limpopo and is a former vice-dean in the school of law at the University of Venda. 

Her research focuses on safety policy analysis, municipal safety,  organised crime, identification of  developmental and societal risk factors for criminal behavior and prolific offending, experimental field research, and evidence-based policing and crime prevention strategies. She has published book chapters, and  multiple peer-reviewed articles.

References

Adejoh, S., & Lawal, M. S. (2022). Police reforms, crime prevention, and counter-terrorism in Africa. In U. A. Tar, D. M. Dawud, & S. E. Arase (Eds.), Policing criminality and insurgency in Africa: Perspectives on the changing wave of law enforcement (p. 69). Maryland: Lexington Books.

Akcakaya, A., Samet, D., Şahin, S., & Yikilmazçinar, R. S. (2022). Panic button mobile application usability study. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Research, 4 (2), 104-113.

Alberus, R. W. (2019). Translating a digital strategy for South Africa’s police services. Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/confirm2019/4

Al Zaabi, S. H., & Zamri, R. (2022). Managing security threats through touchless security technologies: An overview of the integration of facial recognition technology in the UAE oil and gas industry. Sustainability, 14 (22), 14915.

Atkins, L., Francis, J., Islam, R., O’Connor, D., Patey, A., Ivers, N., Foy, R., Duncan, E. M., Colquhoun, H., & Grimshaw, J.M. (2017). A guide to using the theoretical domains framework of behaviour change to investigate implementation problems. Implementation Science, 12 (1), 77.

Babbie, E., & Mouton, J. (2004). Methods of social research. Belmont: Wadsworth.

Bailey, K. (2008). Methods of social research. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Bailey, K. R. (1987). Inter‐study differences: How should they influence the interpretation and analysis of results? Statistics in Medicine, 6 (3), 351-358.

Barros, A. I., Van der Zwet, K., Westerveld, J., & Schreurs, W. (2022). AI potential to uncover criminal modus operandi features. European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin, 6, 255-263.

Burgers, F., Wright, G., & Nel, L. (2007). National initiatives to prevent and combat vehicle crime. Retrieved from https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/5983

Cele, B. (2022). Budget vote 28, 24 & 21 presentation: Department of Police, IPID and the Department of the Civilian Secretariat for Police Service delivered by the Minister of Police, General Bheki Cele (MP) on Tuesday 24 May 2022. Retrieved from https://www.saps.gov.za/newsroom/msspeechdetail.php?nid=39991

City Press. (2019, October 21). Rising crime, low prosecution rates: How law enforcement in SA has all but collapsed. Retrieved from https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/rising-crime-low-prosecution-rates-how-law-enforcement-in-sa-has-all-but-collapsed-20191021

Coole, M., Evans, D., & Brooks, D. (2022). A framework for the analysis of security technology vulnerabilities: Defeat evaluation of an electronic access control locking system. Retrieved from https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2022-2026/1329/

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Mapping the field of mixed methods research. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Steps in conducting a scholarly mixed methods study. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1047&context=dberspeakers

De Vos, A. S., Delport, C., Fouché, C., & Strydom, H. (2011). Research at grass roots: A primer for the social science and human professions. Cape Town: Van Schaik.

Di Nicola, A. (2022). Towards digital organized crime and digital sociology of organized crime. Trends in Organized Crime, 2022, 1-20.

Eagle, J. G., & Betters, D. R. (1998). The endangered species act and economic values: A comparison of fines and contingent valuation studies. Ecological Economics, 26 (2), 165-171.

Eloff, E. (2006). Spatial technology as a tool to analyse and combat crime (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/1193

Etsebeth, T. (2018). Future police concept in development of the South African Police Service (Research proposal). Retrieved from https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/18-02_south_africa_combined.pdf

Flynn, A., Powell, A., & Hindes, S. (2023). Policing technology-facilitated abuse. Policing and Society, 33 (5), 575-592.

Geldenhuys, K. (2020). Zonke-Unicode: A 27-year partnership with SAPS to be proud of. Servamus Community-Based Safety and Security Magazine, 113 (11), 20-21.

Gkougkoudis, G., Pissanidis, D., & Demertzis, K. (2022). Intelligence-led policing and the new technologies adopted by the Hellenic Police. Digital, 2 (2), 143-163.

Gordon, L. (2019). Real research: Research methods sociology students can use. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

Gupta, V. K., Shukla, S. K., & Rawat, R. S. (2022). Crime tracking system and people’s safety in India using machine learning approaches. International Journal of Modern Research, 2 (1), 1-7.

Harkin, D., & Whelan, C. (2022). Perceptions of police training needs in cyber-crime. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 24 (1), 66-76.

Hill, D., O’Connor, C. D., & Slane, A. (2022). Police use of facial recognition technology: The potential for engaging the public through co-constructed policy-making. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 24 (3), 325-335.

Holmgren, R., & Sjöberg, D. (2022). The value of informal workplace learning for police education teachers’ professional development. Journal of Workplace Learning, 34 (7), 593-608.

Johansen, R., Neal, Z., & Gasteyer, S. (2015). The view from a broken window: How residents make sense of neighbourhood disorder in Flint. Urban Studies, 52 (16), 3054-3069.

Kotsias, J., Ahmad, A., & Scheepers, R. (2023). Adopting and integrating cyber-threat intelligence in a commercial organisation. European Journal of Information Systems, 32 (1), 35-51.

Laufs, J., & Borrion, H. (2022). Technological innovation in policing and crime prevention: Practitioner perspectives from London. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 24 (2), 190-209.

Liao, M. (2022). Individual police equipment management system based on the Internet of Things. In Proceedings of the 2022 3rd International Conference on Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Engineering (ICBAIE) (pp. 241-245). New Jersey: IEEE.

Lutya, T. M., & Lanier, M. (2012). An integrated theoretical framework to describe human trafficking of young women and girls for involuntary prostitution. In J. Maddock (Ed.), Public health (pp. 556-570). London: InTech Open.

Lytvynov, A., Topolnyk, Y., Chumak, L., Prykhodkina, N., Antoniuk, L., & Kramska, S. (2022). E-learning technologies for future teachers: Introduction of educational innovations in higher school practice. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 13 (S1), 403-421.

Makhdoom, I., Abolhasan, M., & Lipman, J. (2022). A comprehensive survey of covert communication techniques, limitations and future challenges. Computers & Security, 120, 102784.

Maluleke, W., & Dlamini, S. (2019). The prevalence of organised cross-border crimes in South Africa: A non-empirical statistical data analysis on stock theft and hijacking of motor vehicles. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 11 (1), 116-145.

Martinu, O., & McEwen, G. (2019). Crime in the age of technology. European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin, S4, 23-28.

Miró, F. (2014). Routine activity theory. In J. M. Miller (Ed.), The encyclopedia of theoretical criminology (pp. 1-7). New York: Wiley.

Mlamla, L. M., Mangai, M. S., Masiya, T., & Holzhauseni, N. (2022). Stakeholders’ experience of the innovative ways of co-producing neighborhood security in Johannesburg, South Africa. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 31 (1), 44-57.

Mlepo, A. T. (2022). Attacks on road-freight transporters: A threat to trade participation for landlocked countries in Southern Africa. Journal of Transportation Security, 15 (1-2), 23-40.

Mols, A., & Pridmore, J. (2019). When citizens are “actually doing police work”: The blurring of boundaries in WhatsApp neighbourhood crime prevention groups in the Netherlands. Surveillance & Society, 17 (3/4), 272-287.

Motakabber, S., Alam, A. Z., Wafa, S. A. F., & Francis, M. R. M. (2022). GPS and GSM-based vehicle tracker. Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2 (1), 17-24.

Murray, C. J. (2022). COVID-19 will continue but the end of the pandemic is near. The Lancet, 399 (10323), 417-419.

Mybroadband. (2019, October 20). Only 2% of hijackers in South Africa are convicted. Retrieved form https://mybroadband.co.za/news/security/324166-only-2-of-hijackers-in-south-africa-are-convicted.html#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20report%2C%20only,were%20arrested%20and%20successfully%20prosecuted

Persson, M., & Siven, C. H. (2007). The Becker Paradox and Type I versus Type II errors in the economics of crime. International Economic Review, 48 (1), 211-233.

South African Police Service (SAPS). (2020). Annual performance plan. Pretoria: SAPS.

South African Police Service (SAPS). (2022). Quarterly statistics. Pretoria: SAPS.

Stone, K. (2022). Are South Africa’s police jumping the gun on new technologies? Retrieved from https://issafrica.org/iss-today/are-south-africas-police-jumping-the-gun-on-new-technologies

Tymoshenko, Y. P., Kozachenko, O. I., Kyslenko, D. P., Horodetska, M. S., Chubata, M. V., & Barhan, S. S. (2022). Latest technologies in criminal investigation (testing of foreign practices in Ukraine). Amazonia Investiga, 11 (51), 149-160.

Valero, J. L. G. (2022). Western Balkan organised crime at European Union: The Albanian Mafia – does it pose a real threat? European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin, 22, 79-99.

Varpio, L., Paradis, E., Uijtdehaage, S., & Young, M. (2020). The distinctions between theory, theoretical framework, and conceptual framework. Academic Medicine, 95 (7), 989-994.

Wides, M. J. (2014). Vehicle crime in South Africa. Retrieved from https://www.tracker.co.za/news/news-room/vehicle-crime-in-sa

Witte, A. D., & Witt, R. (2000). Crime causation: Economic theories. Guildford: University of Surrey.

Wolvaard, I. W. (2007). Improvement of service delivery in the South African Police Service through electronic payments in the King William’s Town community service centre (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2152/dissertation.pdf

Published
2023-12-02
How to Cite
Chauke, R., Motlalekgosi, H., & Rakubu, K. (2023). Police Perceptions of the Use and Effectiveness of Technology in Combatting Carjacking Within the Tshwane Metropolitan Policing Precinct. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 6(12), 398-412. https://doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v6i12.1745