Prevalence and Factors Affecting the Intention of Women to Limit Childbearing in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Keywords:
Women; Limit Childbearing; Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Women’s intention to limit childbearing is a leading issue in developing countries like Bangladesh. This study tries to identify which factors are associated with limiting childbearing intention among reproductive-aged women in Bangladesh. We used the most recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18 data to analyze this study. The outcome variable was women’s intention to limit childbearing. Individual, household and community-level factors were used as the explanatory variables. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the background characteristics of the study. To check the association between the outcome variable and explanatory variable, we used two-level logistic regression model. The result of this study showed that women’s age, education, wealth index, and use of modern methods had significantly associated with women’s intention to limit childbearing. According to the two-level logistic regression model, the likelihood of women’s intention to limit childbearing was found to be increased with the increased age of respondents. Higher-educated women were 83% lower likelihood of limiting childbearing compared to illiterate women. Women who came from middle wealth index had a 40% lower likelihood to limit childbearing than the poorest women. Women who had used modern methods were 1.52 times more to limit childbearing than women who had not used modern methods. So, improving access to women’s age, wealth index, education and contraceptive use will pay more attention to achieving desired fertility rate.
References
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Axinn, W. G., & Barber, J. S. (2001). Mass Education and Fertility Transition. American Sociological Review, 66(4), 481–505. https://doi.org/10.2307/3088919.
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Berrington, A., & Pattaro, S. (2014). Educational differences in fertility desires, intentions and behaviour: A life course perspective. Advances in Life Course Research, 21, 10–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2013.12.003.
Bhandari, T. R. (2012). Maternal and Child Health Situation in South East Asia. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 7(1), Article 1.
Bongaarts, J. (2003). Completing the fertility transition in the developing world: The role of educational differences and fertility preferences. Population Studies, 57(3), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/0032472032000137835.
Chowdhury, M. N. M., & Hossain, Md. M. (2019). Population Growth and Economic Development in Bangladesh: Revisited Malthus. American Economic & Social Review, 5(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v5i2.326.
Dibaba, Y. (2009). Factors Influencing Women’s Intention to Limit Child Bearing in Oromia, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 23(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhd.v23i1.44834.
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Huq, M. N., & Tasnim, T. (2008). Maternal Education and Child Healthcare in Bangladesh. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 12(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-007-0303-3.
Iyanda, A. E., Dinkins, B. J., Osayomi, T., Adeusi, T. J., Lu, Y., & Oppong, J. R. (2020). Fertility knowledge, contraceptive use and unintentional pregnancy in 29 African countries: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Public Health, 65(4), 445–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01356-9.
Kamal, S. M. M. (2011). Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Women’s Intention to Limit Childbearing in Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 18, 83–95.
Khadivzadeh, T., Rahmanian, S. A., & Esmaily, H. (2018). Young Women and Men’s Attitude towards Childbearing. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 6(3), Article 3.
Khan, M. N., Harris, M. L., Huda, M. N., & Loxton, D. (2022). A population-level data linkage study to explore the association between health facility level factors and unintended pregnancy in Bangladesh. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19559-w.
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Kravdal, Ø. (2002). Education and fertility in sub-Saharan africa: Individual and community effects. Demography, 39(2), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2002.0017.
Kravdal, Ø., & Rindfuss, R. R. (2008). Changing Relationships between Education and Fertility: A Study of Women and Men Born 1940 to 1964. American Sociological Review, 73(5), 854–873. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240807300508.
Lith, L. M. V., Yahner, M., & Bakamjian, L. (2013). Women’s growing desire to limit births in sub-Saharan Africa: Meeting the challenge. Global Health: Science and Practice, 1(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-12-00036.
Lutz, W., & KC, S. (2011). Global Human Capital: Integrating Education and Population. Science, 333(6042), 587–592. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1206964.
Nargund, G. (2009). Declining birth rate in Developed Countries: A radical policy re-think is required. Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn, 1(3), 191–193.
Ndaruhuye, D. M., Broekhuis, A., & Hooimeijer, P. (2009). Demand and Unmet Need for Means of Family Limitation in Rwanda. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 35(3), 122–130.
Olatoregun, O., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Akinyemi, O. J., Yusuf, O. B., & Bamgboye, E. A. (2014). A comparative analysis of fertility differentials in Ghana and Nigeria: Original research article. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 18(3), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.10520/EJC160079.
Peterson, E. W. F. (2017). The Role of Population in Economic Growth. SAGE Open, 7(4), 2158244017736094. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017736094.
Rabbi, A. M. F. (2014). Factors influencing fertility preference of a developing country during demographic transition: Evidence from Bangladesh. South East Asia Journal of Public Health, 4(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v4i2.23691.
Razzaq, S., Jessani, S., Ali, S., Abbasi, Z., & Saleem, S. (2021). Desire to limiting child birth and the associated determinants among married females: Sukh survey-Karachi, Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 71(11(Suppl 7)), S70–S77.
Roy, T. K., Sinha, R. K., Koenig, M., Mohanty, S. K., & Patel, S. K. (2008). Consistency and Predictive Ability of Fertility Preference Indicators: Longitudinal Evidence from Rural India. International Family Planning Perspectives, 34(3), 138–145.
Saha, U. R., & Bairagi, R. (2007). Inconsistencies in the Relationship between Contraceptive Use and Fertility in Bangladesh. International Family Planning Perspectives, 33(1), 31–37.
Sethy, S. K., & Sahoo, H. (2015). Investigating the Relationship between Population and Economic Growth: An Analytical Study of India. Indian Journal of Economics & Business, 14(2), 269–288.
Short, S. E., & Kiros, G.-E. (2002). Husbands, wives, sons, and daughters: Fertility preferences and the demand for contraception in Ethiopia. Population Research and Policy Review, 21(5), 377–402. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021185812984.
Streatfield, P. K., & Karar, Z. A. (2008). Population Challenges for Bangladesh in the Coming Decades. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 26(3), 261–272.
Tanwi, T. S., Chakrabarty, S., & Hasanuzzaman, S. (2019). Double burden of malnutrition among ever-married women in Bangladesh: A pooled analysis. BMC Women’s Health, 19(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0725-2.
Testa, M. R. (2014). On the positive correlation between education and fertility intentions in Europe: Individual- and country-level evidence. Advances in Life Course Research, 21, 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2014.01.005.
Yoo, S. H. (2014). Educational differentials in cohort fertility during the fertility transition in South Korea. Demographic Research, 30, 1463–1494.
Adebowale, S. A., Adedini, S. A., Ibisomi, L. D., & Palamuleni, M. E. (2014). Differential effect of wealth quintile on modern contraceptive use and fertility: Evidence from Malawian women. BMC Women’s Health, 14(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-40.
Alcaraz, M., Hayford, S. R., & Glick, J. E. (2022). Desired fertility and educational aspirations: Adolescent goals in rapidly changing social contexts. Journal of Marriage and Family, 84(1), 7–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12815.
Araban, M., Karimy, M., Armoon, B., & Zamani-Alavijeh, F. (2020). Factors related to childbearing intentions among women: A cross-sectional study in health centers, Saveh, Iran. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 95(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-020-0035-4.
Axinn, W. G., & Barber, J. S. (2001). Mass Education and Fertility Transition. American Sociological Review, 66(4), 481–505. https://doi.org/10.2307/3088919.
Ayazi, R., Amini, L., Montazeri, A., & Haghani, S. H. (2021). Factors Related to Childbearing Willingness in the Women Attending the Health Centers in Arak, Iran (2019). Iran Journal of Nursing, 34(130), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.52547/ijn.34.130.15.
Berrington, A., & Pattaro, S. (2014). Educational differences in fertility desires, intentions and behaviour: A life course perspective. Advances in Life Course Research, 21, 10–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2013.12.003.
Bhandari, T. R. (2012). Maternal and Child Health Situation in South East Asia. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 7(1), Article 1.
Bongaarts, J. (2003). Completing the fertility transition in the developing world: The role of educational differences and fertility preferences. Population Studies, 57(3), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/0032472032000137835.
Chowdhury, M. N. M., & Hossain, Md. M. (2019). Population Growth and Economic Development in Bangladesh: Revisited Malthus. American Economic & Social Review, 5(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v5i2.326.
Dibaba, Y. (2009). Factors Influencing Women’s Intention to Limit Child Bearing in Oromia, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 23(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhd.v23i1.44834.
Hashemzadeh, M., Shariati, M., Mohammad Nazari, A., & Keramat, A. (2021). Childbearing intention and its associated factors: A systematic review. Nursing Open, 8(5), 2354–2368. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.849.
Huq, M. N., & Tasnim, T. (2008). Maternal Education and Child Healthcare in Bangladesh. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 12(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-007-0303-3.
Iyanda, A. E., Dinkins, B. J., Osayomi, T., Adeusi, T. J., Lu, Y., & Oppong, J. R. (2020). Fertility knowledge, contraceptive use and unintentional pregnancy in 29 African countries: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Public Health, 65(4), 445–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01356-9.
Kamal, S. M. M. (2011). Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Women’s Intention to Limit Childbearing in Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 18, 83–95.
Khadivzadeh, T., Rahmanian, S. A., & Esmaily, H. (2018). Young Women and Men’s Attitude towards Childbearing. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 6(3), Article 3.
Khan, M. N., Harris, M. L., Huda, M. N., & Loxton, D. (2022). A population-level data linkage study to explore the association between health facility level factors and unintended pregnancy in Bangladesh. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19559-w.
Kodzi, I. A., Johnson, D. R., & Casterline, J. B. (2010). Examining the predictive value of fertility preferences among Ghanaian women. Demographic Research, 22, 965–984. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2010.22.30.
Kravdal, Ø. (2002). Education and fertility in sub-Saharan africa: Individual and community effects. Demography, 39(2), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2002.0017.
Kravdal, Ø., & Rindfuss, R. R. (2008). Changing Relationships between Education and Fertility: A Study of Women and Men Born 1940 to 1964. American Sociological Review, 73(5), 854–873. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240807300508.
Lith, L. M. V., Yahner, M., & Bakamjian, L. (2013). Women’s growing desire to limit births in sub-Saharan Africa: Meeting the challenge. Global Health: Science and Practice, 1(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-12-00036.
Lutz, W., & KC, S. (2011). Global Human Capital: Integrating Education and Population. Science, 333(6042), 587–592. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1206964.
Nargund, G. (2009). Declining birth rate in Developed Countries: A radical policy re-think is required. Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn, 1(3), 191–193.
Ndaruhuye, D. M., Broekhuis, A., & Hooimeijer, P. (2009). Demand and Unmet Need for Means of Family Limitation in Rwanda. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 35(3), 122–130.
Olatoregun, O., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Akinyemi, O. J., Yusuf, O. B., & Bamgboye, E. A. (2014). A comparative analysis of fertility differentials in Ghana and Nigeria: Original research article. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 18(3), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.10520/EJC160079.
Peterson, E. W. F. (2017). The Role of Population in Economic Growth. SAGE Open, 7(4), 2158244017736094. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017736094.
Rabbi, A. M. F. (2014). Factors influencing fertility preference of a developing country during demographic transition: Evidence from Bangladesh. South East Asia Journal of Public Health, 4(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v4i2.23691.
Razzaq, S., Jessani, S., Ali, S., Abbasi, Z., & Saleem, S. (2021). Desire to limiting child birth and the associated determinants among married females: Sukh survey-Karachi, Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 71(11(Suppl 7)), S70–S77.
Roy, T. K., Sinha, R. K., Koenig, M., Mohanty, S. K., & Patel, S. K. (2008). Consistency and Predictive Ability of Fertility Preference Indicators: Longitudinal Evidence from Rural India. International Family Planning Perspectives, 34(3), 138–145.
Saha, U. R., & Bairagi, R. (2007). Inconsistencies in the Relationship between Contraceptive Use and Fertility in Bangladesh. International Family Planning Perspectives, 33(1), 31–37.
Sethy, S. K., & Sahoo, H. (2015). Investigating the Relationship between Population and Economic Growth: An Analytical Study of India. Indian Journal of Economics & Business, 14(2), 269–288.
Short, S. E., & Kiros, G.-E. (2002). Husbands, wives, sons, and daughters: Fertility preferences and the demand for contraception in Ethiopia. Population Research and Policy Review, 21(5), 377–402. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021185812984.
Streatfield, P. K., & Karar, Z. A. (2008). Population Challenges for Bangladesh in the Coming Decades. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 26(3), 261–272.
Tanwi, T. S., Chakrabarty, S., & Hasanuzzaman, S. (2019). Double burden of malnutrition among ever-married women in Bangladesh: A pooled analysis. BMC Women’s Health, 19(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0725-2.
Testa, M. R. (2014). On the positive correlation between education and fertility intentions in Europe: Individual- and country-level evidence. Advances in Life Course Research, 21, 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2014.01.005.
Yoo, S. H. (2014). Educational differentials in cohort fertility during the fertility transition in South Korea. Demographic Research, 30, 1463–1494.
Published
2023-09-04
How to Cite
Rashid, M. M., Kumar Roy, T., & Rahman, M. (2023). Prevalence and Factors Affecting the Intention of Women to Limit Childbearing in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 6(9), 260-270. https://doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v6i9.1642
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