A Comparative Study of the Armenian and the Rwandan Genocides
Keywords:
Genocide, ethnic cleansing, violence, Hutu-Tutsi, International Support
Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the two historic and terrific genocides of the 20th century, namely the Armenian Genocide and the Rwandan Genocide. Although both genocides were committed using different methods and forms of murder, there was a no less terrible picture in terms of atrocities and massacres. Hence, this study is an attempt to interrelate both genocides with an intensive focus on comparative studies, particularly analyzing the causes and aftermath of both genocides focusing on the attitudes of actors involved.
References
Derderian, S. (2008), Death March: An Armenian Survivor’s Memoir of the Genocide of 1915. Studio City, CA, p. 13.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 45-70.
Lemkin, R. (1946), “Genocide,” American Scholar 15, no. 2, 227-230.
Accorindg to the Article 2, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Dec 9, 1948, Resolution 260 (III) A United Nations General Assembly
Derderian, S. (2008), Death March: An Armenian Survivor’s Memoir of the Genocide of 1915. Studio City, CA, p. 13.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 45-70.
Ibid
Ibid
Mayersen, D. (2016), On the Path to Genocide: Armenia and Rwanda Reexamined, Berghahn Books.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 45-70.
Matosyan, T. (2005), The Armenian Genocide and Comparative Experience of the Jewish Holocaust, p. 106.
Kevorkian, R. (2011), The Armenian Genocide, a complete history, NY, 2011, p. 220-221.
Thompson, A. (2007), The Media and the Rwanda Genocide, International Development Research Centre, Pluto Press, London.
Magnarella, J., P. (2005), The Background and Causes of the Genocide in Rwanda, Journal of International Criminal Justice.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 97-120.
Ibid
Dadrian, V. (2004) Patterns of twentieth-century genocides: the Armenian, Jewish, and Rwandan cases, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:4, 487-522.
Magnarella, J., P. (2005), The Background and Causes of the Genocide in Rwanda, Journal of International Criminal Justice.
Shaw, M. (2011), “From Comparative to International Genocide Studies: The International Production of Genocide in 20thCentury Europe,” European Journal of International Relations 18, no. 4, 645-668.
Stanton, H., G. (1996), “The Eight Stages of Genocide,” Genocide Watch, accessed October 19, 2020. http://www. genocidewatch.org/genocide/8stagesofgenocide.html; Stanton, H., G. (2013) “The Ten Stages of Genocide,” Genocide Watch.http://www.genocidewatch.org/genocide/tenstagesofgenocide.html.
Shaw, M. (2011), “From Comparative to International Genocide Studies: The International Production of Genocide in 20thCentury Europe,” European Journal of International Relations 18, no. 4, 645-668.
Burleson, S., J. and Giordano, A. (2016), "Spatiality of the Stages of Genocide: The Armenian Case," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 10: Iss. 3: 39-58.
Dadrian, V. (2004) Patterns of twentieth-century genocides: the Armenian, Jewish, and Rwandan cases, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:4, 487-522.
Shaw, M. (2011), “From Comparative to International Genocide Studies: The International Production of Genocide in 20thCentury Europe,” European Journal of International Relations 18, no. 4, 645-668.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 45-70.
Miller, E., D. & Touryan, L. (2004), The Armenian and Rwandan genocides: some preliminary reflections on two oral history projects with survivors, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:1, 135-140.
Lepsius, Y. (2003), Secret Bulletin of the Massacres of the Armenian People, p. 24.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 45-70.
Derderian, K. (2005), Common Fate, Different Experience: Gender-Specific Aspects of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1917, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, V19 N1, p. 1.
Matosyan, T. (2005), The Armenian Genocide and Comparative Experience of the Jewish Holocaust, p. 106.
Mayersen, D. (2016), On the Path to Genocide: Armenia and Rwanda Reexamined, Berghahn Books.
Miller, E., D. & Touryan, L. (2004), The Armenian and Rwandan genocides: some preliminary reflections on two oral history projects with survivors, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:1, 135-140.
Kevorkian, R. (2011), The Armenian Genocide, a complete history, NY, 2011, p. 220-221.
Derderian, K. (2005), Common Fate, Different Experience: Gender-Specific Aspects of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1917, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, V19 N1, p. 1.
Miller, E., D. & Touryan, L. (2004), The Armenian and Rwandan genocides: some preliminary reflections on two oral history projects with survivors, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:1, 135-140.
Kevorkian, R. (2011), The Armenian Genocide, a complete history, NY, 2011, p. 220-221.
Dadrian, N., V. (1994), ``Documentation of the Armenian Genocide in German and Austrian Sources,'' Widening Circle of Genocide: A Critical Bibliographic Review, ed. Israel Charny, Vol 3, p. 104-107.
Dadrian, V. (2004) Patterns of twentieth-century genocides: the Armenian, Jewish, and Rwandan cases, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:4, 487-522.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 97-120.
Magnarella, J., P. (2005), The Background and Causes of the Genocide in Rwanda, Journal of International Criminal Justice.
Burleson, S., J. and Giordano, A. (2016), "Spatiality of the Stages of Genocide: The Armenian Case," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 10: Iss. 3: 39-58.
Dawoodi, DJ. (2018), The Aftermath of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust: A Comparative Study. Social Crime no l 6: 183.
Shaw, M. (2011), “From Comparative to International Genocide Studies: The International Production of Genocide in 20thCentury Europe,” European Journal of International Relations 18, no. 4, 645-668.
Miller, E., D. & Touryan, L. (2004), The Armenian and Rwandan genocides: some preliminary reflections on two oral history projects with survivors, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:1, 135-140.
Ibid
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 45-70.
Lemkin, R. (1946), “Genocide,” American Scholar 15, no. 2, 227-230.
Accorindg to the Article 2, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Dec 9, 1948, Resolution 260 (III) A United Nations General Assembly
Derderian, S. (2008), Death March: An Armenian Survivor’s Memoir of the Genocide of 1915. Studio City, CA, p. 13.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 45-70.
Ibid
Ibid
Mayersen, D. (2016), On the Path to Genocide: Armenia and Rwanda Reexamined, Berghahn Books.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 45-70.
Matosyan, T. (2005), The Armenian Genocide and Comparative Experience of the Jewish Holocaust, p. 106.
Kevorkian, R. (2011), The Armenian Genocide, a complete history, NY, 2011, p. 220-221.
Thompson, A. (2007), The Media and the Rwanda Genocide, International Development Research Centre, Pluto Press, London.
Magnarella, J., P. (2005), The Background and Causes of the Genocide in Rwanda, Journal of International Criminal Justice.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 97-120.
Ibid
Dadrian, V. (2004) Patterns of twentieth-century genocides: the Armenian, Jewish, and Rwandan cases, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:4, 487-522.
Magnarella, J., P. (2005), The Background and Causes of the Genocide in Rwanda, Journal of International Criminal Justice.
Shaw, M. (2011), “From Comparative to International Genocide Studies: The International Production of Genocide in 20thCentury Europe,” European Journal of International Relations 18, no. 4, 645-668.
Stanton, H., G. (1996), “The Eight Stages of Genocide,” Genocide Watch, accessed October 19, 2020. http://www. genocidewatch.org/genocide/8stagesofgenocide.html; Stanton, H., G. (2013) “The Ten Stages of Genocide,” Genocide Watch.http://www.genocidewatch.org/genocide/tenstagesofgenocide.html.
Shaw, M. (2011), “From Comparative to International Genocide Studies: The International Production of Genocide in 20thCentury Europe,” European Journal of International Relations 18, no. 4, 645-668.
Burleson, S., J. and Giordano, A. (2016), "Spatiality of the Stages of Genocide: The Armenian Case," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 10: Iss. 3: 39-58.
Dadrian, V. (2004) Patterns of twentieth-century genocides: the Armenian, Jewish, and Rwandan cases, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:4, 487-522.
Shaw, M. (2011), “From Comparative to International Genocide Studies: The International Production of Genocide in 20thCentury Europe,” European Journal of International Relations 18, no. 4, 645-668.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 45-70.
Miller, E., D. & Touryan, L. (2004), The Armenian and Rwandan genocides: some preliminary reflections on two oral history projects with survivors, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:1, 135-140.
Lepsius, Y. (2003), Secret Bulletin of the Massacres of the Armenian People, p. 24.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 45-70.
Derderian, K. (2005), Common Fate, Different Experience: Gender-Specific Aspects of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1917, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, V19 N1, p. 1.
Matosyan, T. (2005), The Armenian Genocide and Comparative Experience of the Jewish Holocaust, p. 106.
Mayersen, D. (2016), On the Path to Genocide: Armenia and Rwanda Reexamined, Berghahn Books.
Miller, E., D. & Touryan, L. (2004), The Armenian and Rwandan genocides: some preliminary reflections on two oral history projects with survivors, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:1, 135-140.
Kevorkian, R. (2011), The Armenian Genocide, a complete history, NY, 2011, p. 220-221.
Derderian, K. (2005), Common Fate, Different Experience: Gender-Specific Aspects of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1917, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, V19 N1, p. 1.
Miller, E., D. & Touryan, L. (2004), The Armenian and Rwandan genocides: some preliminary reflections on two oral history projects with survivors, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:1, 135-140.
Kevorkian, R. (2011), The Armenian Genocide, a complete history, NY, 2011, p. 220-221.
Dadrian, N., V. (1994), ``Documentation of the Armenian Genocide in German and Austrian Sources,'' Widening Circle of Genocide: A Critical Bibliographic Review, ed. Israel Charny, Vol 3, p. 104-107.
Dadrian, V. (2004) Patterns of twentieth-century genocides: the Armenian, Jewish, and Rwandan cases, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:4, 487-522.
Haperen, M., Kiernan, B. and Zwaan, T. (2012), The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction, Amsterdam, p. 97-120.
Magnarella, J., P. (2005), The Background and Causes of the Genocide in Rwanda, Journal of International Criminal Justice.
Burleson, S., J. and Giordano, A. (2016), "Spatiality of the Stages of Genocide: The Armenian Case," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 10: Iss. 3: 39-58.
Dawoodi, DJ. (2018), The Aftermath of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust: A Comparative Study. Social Crime no l 6: 183.
Shaw, M. (2011), “From Comparative to International Genocide Studies: The International Production of Genocide in 20thCentury Europe,” European Journal of International Relations 18, no. 4, 645-668.
Miller, E., D. & Touryan, L. (2004), The Armenian and Rwandan genocides: some preliminary reflections on two oral history projects with survivors, Journal of Genocide Research, 6:1, 135-140.
Ibid
Published
2022-02-10
How to Cite
Chowdhury, M. S. (2022). A Comparative Study of the Armenian and the Rwandan Genocides. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 5(2), 91-102. https://doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i2.177
Section
Main Articles
Copyright (c) 2022 MD Sajib Chowdhury
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