Strength-Based Education for at-Risk and Vulnerable Students: A Framework for Social Justice Education

Abstract

Vulnerable and at-risk students need educational support that highlights their strengths rather than their limitations. Schools play a crucial role in ensuring that growth opportunities remain accessible, even when families face challenges. This study, based on a multi-case analysis of three public schools, examines how strength-based education is implemented to support vulnerable learners. The findings reveal practical strategies such as comprehensive student assessments, differentiated instruction, and supportive teacher–student relationships, alongside continuous engagement in positivity. At the same time, structural and cultural barriers—including stigma, limited parental involvement, and resource constraints—are identified as challenges to inclusive practice. By presenting both enabling and inhibiting factors, this research offers insights for schools and policymakers to strengthen inclusive, empowering, and social justice education systems.