The Journey of Exploitation: Investigating Human Trafficking and Migration Routes from Bangladesh to the Mediterranean

Abstract

The Central Mediterranean route was the primary subject of this study, which examined the intricate phenomena of human trafficking and irregular migration from Bangladesh to the Mediterranean region. The study looked at how Bangladesh's socioeconomic weaknesses fueled the growth of exploitative migration patterns and how trafficking organizations routinely took advantage of these circumstances. Using a mixed method approach that included secondary data from international organizations like the IOM and UNODC, as well as in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials, non-governmental organization (NGO) staff, and returnees, the study offered a thorough examination of the migration journey, related risks, and human trafficking mechanisms. The results showed that the majority of Bangladeshi migrants were enticed by fictitious promises of work overseas, and that after they left, they were subjected to extortion, debt bondage, physical abuse, and in certain situations, forced labor and sexual exploitation. Libya became a significant hub for transit and detention, where many migrants were held over extended periods of time. These travels were discovered to be largely facilitated by multinational trafficking networks, which are made possible by dishonest officials and open borders. Finding and defending victims was extremely difficult due to the hazy boundaries between forced migration and voluntary migration. In order to prevent human trafficking and safeguard vulnerable migrants from Bangladesh, this study will support future initiatives by providing information for evidence-based policies, regional cooperation plans, and focused interventions.