Autarky and Immunization from Vagaries of Fortune - Evidence from the Modern World

Abstract

In an era defined by global interdependence, economic volatility, and geopolitical uncertainty, the pursuit of autarky, which means self-sufficiency in economic and strategic affairs, has emerged as a compelling alternative to mitigate systemic risks and shocks. This paper critically examines whether modern economies can insulate themselves from the vagaries of fortune, including unpredictable financial crises, market shocks, and political instability, through self-reliance or strategic decoupling. Drawing on empirical evidence from different countries, technological advancements, and policy innovations, the study deconstructs the viability of autarkic models in contemporary global dynamics. We explore key case studies, from nations embracing protectionist measures to economies leveraging technological autonomy as a safeguard against external volatility. The analysis challenges conventional wisdom, arguing that selective decoupling in critical sectors, such as energy, digital infrastructure, and national security, can enhance resilience without necessitating total economic isolation. Additionally, we investigate how tech, digital infrastructure and decentralized economies reshape self-sufficiency paradigms in the 21st century. This research contributes to the broader discourse on economic sovereignty, adaptive resilience, and the strategic recalibration of global dependencies, offering policymakers, social transformers, technocrats, and thought leaders invaluable insights into the future of stability in an unpredictable world.